中文摘要：

对2004年以来我国粳稻成本收益数据进行分析，结果表明：10年来，中国粳稻生产总成本显著上升，主要原因在于租赁作业费、化肥费及人工成本的持续大幅增加，由此导致生产净利润呈现震荡下行趋势；粳稻生产成本的地域差异不容忽视．平原地区与山地、丘陵地区的租赁作业费与人工成本存在较大差异。山地和丘陵地区受自然地理条件限制．大力推广农业机械化难度较大，人工成本快速上升制约粳稻产业的持续稳定发展，需要政府进行更多政策扶持。

英文摘要：

[Abstract]This paper analyzes the data of cost benefit of China＇s japonica rice, and the results indicate that China＇s gross cost of japonica rice increased significantly since ten years ago, of which the main reason is the continuous increase of lease handling charge, fertilizer charge and labor cost, and this led to the fluctuated decline trend in the productivity pure profit; The regional difference of production cost of japonica rice must not be ignored; there are larger difference in the lease handling charge and labor cost in plain area, mountain and hills. Mountains and hills are restricted by natural geological conditions, so the promotion of agricultural mechanization is more difficult, the rapid increase in labor cost restricts the sustainable and stable development of japonica rice industry, which needs more policy support from government.