中文摘要：

分析塔里木河流域水资源开发利用过程中的生态与环境问题时发现,近50a来,塔里木河干流产生的土地沙漠化等生态问题的原因是人类活动对水文过程的干扰所造成。近40多年来（1961-2000）塔里木河源流区的山区来水量和源流区补给塔里木河干流的水量变化资料分析来看,源流山区总来水量实际上是呈递增的趋势,但是,因三源流灌区用水量的增加导致塔里木河干流区的来水量不断减少,塔里木河干流上、中游耗水量的增加引起塔里木河下游来水量的大幅度减少。塔里木河干流,特别是下游来水量的锐减,造成下游河道断流321km,尾闾湖泊干涸,地下水位下降,天然植被衰败,沙漠化过程加剧。根据实地考察和前人研究的资料分析基础上,对塔里木河流域水资源利用对干流土地沙漠化的影响进行分析。

英文摘要：

By analyzing the ecological and environmental problems during the utilization of water resources in Tar-im River Basin within nearly 50 years,we found that ecological problems such as land desertification were causedby human interference.Over the 40 years（1961-2000） based on data about the water coming from the mountainand the change of water supply of the Tarim River,in fact,the trend of the water supply from the mountains wasincreasing,but the increase of irrigation area caused the steady decrease of water to the main stream,and causedthe decline in the main stream and middle reaches of the Tarim River.The sharp drop of water in the Tarim River,especially in the downstream,resulted in drying up the lower reaches of the river 321km,lakes have dried up,ta-ble of underwater have fell,natural vegetation declined,and accelerated the desertification process.