中文摘要：

模板法是制备无机中空微纳米球的重要方法之一.本文以苯乙烯为单体,通过乳液聚合得到粒径约为620nm的单分散聚苯乙烯（PS）微球.以磺化后的聚苯乙烯（PSS）微球为模板,利用阴阳离子静电吸附作用,将PSS与前驱体SnSO4中的Sn2＋结合.通过Sn2＋在乙醇-水介质中的水解作用得到核-壳复合结构,再经高温煅烧,得到SnO2中空微纳米球.实验对前驱体的浓度、表面活性剂的用量、反应时间及模板选择等方面做了研究,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外（IR）光谱、热重分析（TGA）、H2程序升温还原（H2-TPR）、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）比表面积等技术深入探究SnO2中空微纳米球的结构,并对比中空SnO2与实心粒子的氧化还原特性.BET和H2-TPR显示将SnO2制备成微纳米空心球后其比表面积增大,表面氧空位明显增多,氧化活性明显提高.从IR及XRD推断核-壳结构形成机理,进而优化出简单合理的实验方案,获得表面光滑、结构致密,包覆厚度可控的SnO2中空微纳米球.

英文摘要：

Templating is one of the most important methods for preparation of inorganic hollow micro/nano spheres.We prepared monodisperse polystyrene（PS） microspheres having a diameter of 620 nm by the emulsion polymerization of styrene.Sulfonated polystyrene（PSS） microspheres were used as a template,through electrostatic adsorption of anions and cations,for modification with Sn2＋ from SnSO4 precursor.The core-shell composite structures thereby produced through Sn2＋ hydrolysis in an ethanolwater medium were calcined at high temperature to remove PSS and to obtain SnO2 hollow micro/nano spheres.We investigated the effects of precursor concentration,amount of surfactant,reaction time,and templates choice.Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,infrared（IR） spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）,H2 temperature programmed reduction（H2-TPR）,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） measurement,and other technical probes were used to detect the structure and properties of the prepared SnO2 hollow micro/nano spheres,and compared them with those of solid SnO2.BET and H2-TPR showed that the hollow SnO2 micro/nano spheres had improved specific surface area,surface oxygen vacancies,and oxidation activity.We inferred the growth mechanism of the core-shell structure from IR spectroscopy and XRD pattern and optimized the simple and reasonable synthesis procedure to obtain SnO2 hollow micro/nano spheres which had smooth surface,compact structure,and well controlled cladding thickness.