中文摘要：

目的：探讨EB病毒感染与儿童急性腺样体炎的相关性，为比较其差异性提供依据。方法选取2010年11月－2013年11月在医院治疗的60例急性腺样体炎患儿，对其中确诊为急性EB病毒感染患儿进行回顾性研究。结果25例非EB病毒感染与35例伴EB病毒感染急性腺样体炎患儿中首发症状均为发热、头痛、鼻塞、咳嗽及其他，经统计分析，二者首发症状中发热、鼻塞间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），而头痛、咳嗽等差异无统计学意义；25例非EB病毒感染与35例伴EB病毒感染急性腺样体炎患儿中上呼吸道感染、肺炎、支气管炎、传染性单核细胞增多症等，经统计分析，二者相关性疾病中肺炎、传染性单核细胞增多症间的差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05），而上呼吸道感染、支气管炎等差异无统计学意义。结论儿童急性腺样体炎与EB病毒感染的相关性主要表现在首发症状为头痛、鼻塞为主，相关性疾病主要以上呼吸道感染为主。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between the EB virus infection and the acute adenoiditis in chil‐dren so as to compare the difference .METHODS A total of 60 children with acute adenoiditis who were treated in the hospital from Nov 2010 to Nov 2013 were enrolled in the study ,of whom the children with confirmed EB virus infection were retrospectively analyzed .RESULTS The primary symptoms of the 60 children with acute adenoiditis and the 35 children with acute EB virus infection included the fever ,headache ,nasal congestion ,cough ,and oth‐ers .The statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference in the fever or nasal congestion between the two groups （P〈0 .05） ,however ,there was no significant difference in the headache ,cough ,or others .The 60 children with acute adenoiditis and 35 children with EB virus infection had upper respiratory tract infection , pneumonia ,bronchitis ,and infectious mononucleosis syndrome ;the statistical analysis indicated that there was significant difference in the pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis between the two groups （P〈0 .05） ,however , there was no significant difference in the upper respiratory tract infection or bronchitis .CONCLUSION The head‐ache and nasal congestion are the major primary symptoms in the children with acute adenoiditis and the children with EB virus infection ,and the upper respiratory tract infection is dominant among the related diseases .