中文摘要：

孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种与生俱来的神经行为发育障碍，其脑功能异常导致了主要症状的发生。ASD脑发育异常的依据部分来自近半个世纪的神经心理学研究，并由此建构了几个具有影响的学说及其理论，也成为当下ASD认知特征的界定与矫治康复的部分依据。代表性的研究结果有表情和情绪识认异常、心理理论功能缺陷、共同注意或目光对视异常、抑制控制能力缺陷、社会动机缺陷、影像学发现、镜像神经元异常等。相关研究仍显零散局限，有些甚至相互矛盾，揭示ASD致病原因尚需时日。

英文摘要：

Autism spectrum disorder（ASD） is an innate neu-robehavioral development disorder, which leads to the occurrence of major symptoms. Neuropsychological study of nearly half a century is part of the basis of abnormal development of ASD brain, which constructs some influencing theories, and also becomes a part of the basis of defining ASD and cognitive rehabilitation treatment at present. The research results are represented by abnormal the expression and emotion recogni- tion, psychological theory defect, common attention or gaze abnormalities, inhibitory control defect, the social motivation defect, imaging findings, and mirror neuron abnormalities. The related research is still fragmented with some limitations, even contradictory, so it still needs time to reveal the cause of ASD.