中文摘要：

microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类小的非编码RNAs,在转录后水平调节多细胞真核生物基因的表达。miRNA突变或异常表达与各种人类癌症相关,并且可作为肿瘤抑制因子和致癌基因发挥作用。孕激素受体（progesterone receptor,PR）介导正常乳腺和乳腺癌组织对孕激素的应答。孕激素暴露是绝经后乳腺癌的一个公认风险因素,尤其是合成孕激素。研究结果表明激素调节的miRNAs在激素受体介导的基因调控中起重要作用,受孕激素调节的miRNAs可影响孕激素受体的表达及其活动。因此,未来应该深入研究孕激素、孕激素受体和miRNAs关系的基因调控和分子机制,就miRNA对乳腺癌诊断、治疗和预后的潜力进行深入评估。

英文摘要：

microRNAs（miRNAs） are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of multicellular eukaryotic genes at post-transcriptional levels.miRNA mutations or abnormal expressions are associated with various human cancers.miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes.Progesterone receptors （PR） mediate response to progestins in the normal breast and breast cancer.Progesterone exposure is a recognized risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, especially synthetic progesterone.Several studies have shown that hormonal regulated miRNAs have an important role in hormone receptor mediated gene regulation. Progesterone regulated miRNAs can affect the expression of progesterone receptors and their activities. Therefore, further studies are needed to dissect the gene regulations and molecular mechanisms related to progestine, PR and miRNAs. The diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic potential of these miRNAs in breast cancer should be further evaluated.