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中文摘要：
由于混凝土坝裂缝在失稳扩展前常发生亚临界扩展，难以测量混凝土坝裂缝尖端张开位移，且通过试验获得稳定的临界裂缝尖端张开位移比较困难，因此不能直接应用裂缝尖端张开位移理论分析混凝土坝裂缝失稳扩展。针对该问题，推导了裂缝开度与裂缝尖端张开位移之间的几何关系，通过类比建立了一个基于实测的裂缝开度δ的裂缝失稳扩展判据，提出了以统计学原理及小概率法确定判据中临界裂缝开度δc，的方法，并给出了确定临界裂缝开度δc的具体步骤。研究表明，该判据具有一定的适用性和可操作性，能直接应用于大坝的安全管理。
英文摘要：
It is difficult to measure the crack tip opening displacement （CTOD） of a concrete dam because the subcritical propagation of the crack often occurs before the fracture does. It is also difficult to obtain the stable critical crack tip opening displacement （CTODc） through fracture tests, so the CTODc criterion cannot be directly applied to analysis of the fracture of cracks in concrete dams. Taking aim at this problem, the relationship between crack opening and crack tip opening displacement is derived. According to the relationship, a fracture criterion is presented based on the measured crack opening δ. Then, the method of determining the critical crack opening δc is developed based on the statistics principle and the low probability method. At last, an example is given to demonstrate the steps of determining the critical crack opening. The results show that the new criterion is practical and applicable to dam safety management.
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