Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA),a home-grown standard for the third generation mobile communications,is already mature and ready for commercial deployment. The enhancement and evolution of the TD-SCDMA system is a hot topic recently. Many strategies for TD-SCDMA enhancements and evolutions have been proposed,but there are no integrated solutions that can jointly consider the development both in the short term and in the long term. This paper discusses four evolution phases,which are proposed according to the key technologies. Phase 1 is about the current TD-SCDMA system. Phase 2 is the short term evolution of TD-SCDMA,i.e.,the period of HSxPA,including the evolution of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA),High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) and High Speed Packet Access plus (HSPA+). Phase 3 is the Long Term Evolution (LTE). Phase 4 is the Beyond 3G (B3G)/Fourth Generation (4G) mobile communication Time Division Duplex (TDD) system,which is based on TD-SCDMA. Key characters for every evolution phase are discussed,as well as the advanced technologies adopted in the evolution process such as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).