中文摘要：

选用3种不同链长的烷基季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂即十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵（TTAB）和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对粉煤灰漂珠（FAFB）进行改性,并将改性产物与苯胺（An）共混进行乳液聚合,制备聚苯胺@有机改性粉煤灰漂珠（PAn@OFAFB）复合材料。采用化学元素分析、FTIR、XRD、SEM、TGA、数字四探针测试仪、LCR数字电桥和旋转流变仪对复合材料进行结构表征以及电流变性能分析。结果表明：改性剂的碳链长度越长,改性效果越好,CTAB吸附在FAFB表面的量最多,且表面吸附率为1.91wt%,PAn和OFAFB复合程度越明显,FAFB表面包覆的PAn越多;聚苯胺@十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性粉煤灰漂珠（PAn@FAFB-CTAB）的电导率最大为0.06S·cm-1;将其作分散相制成的电流变液比PAn-十二烷基苯磺酸（PAn-DBSA）具有更好的电流变效应,抗击穿能力较纯PAn提高了0.5kV/mm;将FAFB作为PAn的载体能够提高复合材料的悬浮稳定性;引入FAFB-CTAB可以显著改善复合材料的热稳定性,且PAn的相对包覆量为28.07wt%。

英文摘要：

Using three different length chain alkyl quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants which are dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide（DTAB）,tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide（TTAB）and cetrimonium bromide（CTAB）to modify the fly ash floating beads（FAFB）.The polyaniline @organic modified fly ash floating beads（PAn@OFAFB）composites were obtained by emulsion polymerization using modified products and aniline（An）.The structure characterization and electrorheological property of composites were analyzed by chemical element analysis,FTIR,XRD,SEM,TGA,four point probe technique,LCR dielectric spectrometer and rotational viscometer.The results show that the longer the carbon chain length of modified agents,the better modification effect,and the surface of FAFB modified with CTAB obtains the maximum adsorption amount,surface adsorption ratio is1.91wt%,the PAn and OFAFB compound better and FAFB surface is surrounded by more PAn.The highest conductivity is 0.06S·cm-1 which obtained by polyaniline @ cetrimonium bromide modified fly ash floating beads（PAn@FAFB-CTAB）.The electrorheological effect of electrorheological fluid with PAn@FAFB-CTAB as dispersed phase is better than PAn-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid（PAn-DBSA）and the breakdown capacity increases by0.5kV/mm compared with pure PAn.The suspension stability of composites can be improved by making FAFB as the carrier of PAn.The thermal stability of composites is enhanced significantly owing to the introduction of FAFBCTAB,and the relative amount of PAn coated is 28.07wt%.