中文摘要：

油藏环境中孕育着多种多样的微生物,这些微生物代谢类型多、变异性大,在微生物生态系统中占有重要位置。研究油藏中微生物的代谢特征和相互之间的生态关系,有助于提升对微生物提高采收率机理的认识。本文对油藏环境中常见微生物类群的代谢特征与功能、生态结构与调控等进行了简要综述。

英文摘要：

Petroleum reservoir has a variety of microbes with diverse metabolic characteristics and great diversity.These microbes play an important role in geochemical cycle.Research on their metabolism and ecological relationships enables the understanding of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery（MEOR）.Based on the present researches,we review the microbial metabolic characteristics and ecological relationships in oil reservoir.