中文摘要：

目的：观察比较在显微镜下与直视下超声洁治后的离体牙的根面情况。方法：选择因重度牙周炎拔除的患牙10颗,每颗牙随机一面在显微镜下进行超声洁治,另一面在直视下超声洁治,然后用亚甲蓝染色分析。选择因重度牙周炎拔除的单根牙6颗及因正畸拔除的单根牙2颗,随机分成显微镜组,直视组,未处理组和正畸牙组,于扫描电镜下观察。结果：直视组和显微镜组结石残留差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）,显微镜下结石去除效果较好。结论：显微镜有助于提高超声洁治的清洁效果。

英文摘要：

Objective：To detect the root surface after ultrasonic scaling under microscope and under direct vision.Methods：Ten extracted teeth with periodontitis were included.Twenty samples were randomly divided into 2groups（microscope and direct vision）,evaluated by methylene blue analysis.Six extracted teeth with periodontitis and 2healthy teeth were chosen,and divided into 4groups.They were examined by scanning electron microscope.Results：The differences of the residual calculus between microscope group and direct vision groups were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Microscope can improve the effectiveness of ultrasonic scaling.