中文摘要：

视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞替代治疗是治疗老年性黄斑变性的发展趋势。已完成临床试验或即将进入临床试验的细胞种类包括自体RPE细胞、虹膜色素上皮细胞（IPE）、人胎儿RPE细胞（fRPE）、人类胚胎干细胞来源的RPE细胞（hESC—RPE）、诱导多潜能干细胞来源的RPE细胞（iPSC—RPE）。自体RPE细胞和IPE由于其固有的缺陷相关临床试验已逐渐停止；iPSC—RPE和hESCRPE在致肿瘤性和基因突变的风险难以规避，临床应用前应对细胞进行基因水平的筛选；fRPE具有免疫原性低、易于同宿主视网膜整合、完全的RPE功能等特点，是优于hESC—RPE的最佳选择。移植方式主要有RPE单层或RPE一脉络膜复合物移植、RPE细胞悬液移植、支架上形成的RPE片层移植。其中首选的和较为成熟的移植方式仍为细胞悬液的注射治疗。注射所导致的细胞逆流，以及细胞逆流所带来的一系列并发症亟待得到解决。

英文摘要：

Based on the pathogenic mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration （AMD）, tremendous preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated that cell transplantation which aim to replace impaired retinal pigment epithelium （RPE） with healthy RPE cells is a promising approach to treat AMD. So far, choices of cell sources mainly are autologous RPE, iris pigment epithelium, fetal RPE, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived RPE, and some of them are undergoing clinical researches. Grafting manners in cell-based therapies are various including RPE sheet or RPE-choroid complex transplantation, RPE cell suspension injection, and RPE sheet transplantation with scaffolds. This review is limited to cell-based therapies for RPE that damaged first in the progress of AMD and focus on recent advances in cell sources, transplantation methods, preclinical and clinical trials, and the obstacles that must be overcome.