中文摘要：

由于地震数据中包含的噪声在不同频率或者频带数据中的分布强度存在差异,使得全频带数据上进行的噪声衰减处理改变了地震反射波信号的动力学特征,干扰后期的地震资料解释、储层预测、油气检测等问题,提出边界和振幅特性保持自适应噪声衰减方法。首先应用小波包变换对全频带地震数据进行多频段划分,然后对分频段数据进行非线性各向异性倾角导向边界保持自适应滤波处理。在该方法中,由结构张量计算的扩散张量实现自适应地确定平滑滤波方向,加入的不连续结构置信度量和不连续性算子自适应地控制不连续结构特征的保持程度,引入的去相关滤波迭代停止准则自适应地确定滤波迭代次数。这些参数的引入具有减少处理人员的干预和人为的主观性,且执行简单的特点。对合成地震记录和实际地震记录处理结果表明,提议的方法能够自适应地衰减地震数据中噪声,同时既能保持地震反射波中有效的不连续性信息,也能有效地保持有效信号的频率分布规律。能够为后期的地震资料解释和分析提供高品质的基础数据。

英文摘要：

Noise intensity distributed in seismic data varies with different frequencies or frequency bands; thus, noise attenuation on the full-frequency band affects the dynamic properties of the seismic reflection signal and the subsequent seismic data interpretation, reservoir description, hydrocarbon detection, etc. Hence, we propose an adaptive noise attenuation method for edge and amplitude preservation, wherein the wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the full-band seismic signal into multiband data and then process these data using nonlinear anisotropic dip-oriented edge-preserving fi ltering. In the fi ltering, the calculated diffusion tensor from the structure tensor can be exploited to establish the direction of smoothing. In addition, the fault confidence measure and discontinuity operator can be used to preserve the structural and stratigraphic discontinuities and edges, and the decorrelation criteria can be used to establish the number of iterations. These parameters can minimize the intervention and subjectivity of the interpreter, and simplify the application of the proposed method. We applied the proposed method to synthetic and real 3D marine seismic data. We found that the proposed method could be used to attenuate noise in seismic data while preserving the effective discontinuity information and amplitude characteristics in seismic refl ection waves, providing high-quality data for interpretation and analysis such as high-resolution processing, attribute analysis, and inversion.