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中文摘要：
基于相关系数优化法，结合地表水环境特征和污染物水质过程特征，推导出一维河道中单点源瞬时排放的源项反演算法，得到了污染源排放特征与河流环境特征参数的反演公式．采用假想算例进行数值试验，综合分析了流速信息、污染物衰减、监测距离、监测数据误差及中间参数△T选取等因素对反演结果的影响，确定了该方法的适用条件和最优条件的寻找方式．间隔10min进行两次监测采样，若监测误差小于5％，反演结果的相关系数达到-0．97，污染源位置和排放量反演结果的相对误差均小于4％，综合相对误差在2％以内．并且方法具有监测布点简单高效，数据需求低，编程简单等优点，值得在环境应急管理中进行实际应用．
英文摘要：
A novel inversion algorithm based on an optimization approach for river point pollution sources was developed. Mass transport and kinetics processes of the contaminants in surface waters were combined along with the discharge history. And other relative parameters were deduced under the scenario that singular source instantly discharges degradable and soluble chemicals into one-dimensional rivers. A series of numerical experiments were carded out based on the hypothetic cases to analyze inversion effects associated with ambient river flow rates, contaminant decay rates, monitoring sites setting, sampling data errors and time intervals between two groups of sampling. When the monitoring time interval was less than 10 minutes and sampling data errors were controlled fewer than 5% approximately, the relative errors of pollution source location, total released mass and synthetical relative error are under 4%, 4% and 2%, respectively. Results show that parameters calculated fit well with the real values. In addition, the algorithms had the advantages such as efficient sampling process, minimum data requirement as well as easy programming. It was worthwhile to utilize this method for emergency environmental management practices.
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