通过梳理曼海姆和默顿的知识社会学思想,讨论了社会学将“知识”作为研究对象,纳入到本学科研究领域时所要回答的关键问题:如何构建一种“知识-社会”的关联?通过研究发现:对该问题的讨论,取决于对一个更为基本的问题的回答:学者带入了什么样的“社会”概念去构建这种“知识-社会”的关联?通过这些问题考察曼海姆和默顿的知识社会学理论,我们可以总结出知识社会学研究的一些一般性问题,并以此为基础找到构建“知识-社会”关联的新可能。
Abstract :This article examines a core issue of the sociology of knowledge: I4ow to connect knowledge to society? By comparing the so- ciology of knowledge of Karl Mannheim and Robert Merton, it reveals that it is important to analyze the essential contents of the concept "society" used by sociologists. And this approach will lead us to rethink the fundamental question about the theory of the sociology of knowledge as well.