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降雨和坡度对坡面流水动力学参数的影响
  • ISSN号:1005-0930
  • 期刊名称:《应用基础与工程科学学报》
  • 时间:0
  • 分类:P933[天文地球—自然地理学]
  • 作者机构:[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875, [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100
  • 相关基金:国家自然科学基金(40801103);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金课题(200800271029)
中文摘要:

坡面流是土壤侵蚀和泥沙输移的动力,其水力学参数是构建侵蚀物理模型的基础.本文通过上方来水和模拟降雨试验,探讨了降雨和坡度(2.6%—25.9%)对坡面流水力学特性的影响.结果表明,坡面流速随坡度的增大而增大,而水深与坡度呈反势.总体上坡面水流呈条带状或斑点状分布,降雨具有增大陡坡表层流速效应,且平均流速与表层流速之比主要在0.4—0.7之间.一般地,坡面流有滚波产生,滚波数随坡度的增大而增加,而波高和波长在坡度为5.2%时达峰值,尔后呈减小趋势.降雨可触发更多滚波产生,但对波形影响不显著.随着坡度的增大,水流弗劳德数和阻力系数分别呈增大和减小趋势,且降雨对它们均无显著影响.在试验条件下,弗劳德数与水流阻力关系较雷诺数更为密切,这可能说明弗劳德数对坡面流阻力具有重要意义.

英文摘要:

oil erosion and sediment transport on slopeland is mainly driven by overland flow, and flow hydraulics are great significance to the physical model of soil erosion.Under simulated rainfall and runoff from upland,the experiments on overland flow hydraulics at slopes of 2.6%—25.9% were carried out.The results showed that,overland flow velocity increased and depth decreased with increasing slope steepness.Overland flow was mainly distributed as strips or spots,and rainfall had a positive effect on surface velocity on steep slopes.The ratio of calculated mean velocity to surface velocity ranged from 0.4 to 0.7.The number of roll wave increased with slope,and its height and length increased up to a slope of 5.2% and deceased thereafter.Rainfall triggered more roll waves,but it had little effect on wave height and length.As slope increased,the Froude number increased and resistance coefficient decreased,and rainfall had no significant influence on them.Froude number had a closer relationship with resistance coefficient than Reynolds number,Therefore Froude number should be attached more importance to resistance of overland flow.

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期刊信息
  • 《应用基础与工程科学学报》
  • 北大核心期刊(2011版)
  • 主管单位:中国科学技术协会
  • 主办单位:中国自然资源学会
  • 主编:倪晋仁
  • 地址:北京大学环境大楼312室
  • 邮编:100871
  • 邮箱:jbse@iee.pku.edu.cn
  • 电话:010-62753153
  • 国际标准刊号:ISSN:1005-0930
  • 国内统一刊号:ISSN:11-3242/TB
  • 邮发代号:
  • 获奖情况:
  • 国内外数据库收录:
  • 荷兰文摘与引文数据库,美国工程索引,中国中国科技核心期刊,中国北大核心期刊(2011版),中国北大核心期刊(2014版)
  • 被引量:7313