中文摘要：

为了更好地控制Zn、Pb等重金属在熔融处理过程中的挥发行为,需要确切了解复杂体系中Zn、Pb等重金属化合物的饱和蒸气压和活度等重要的热力学参数。应用气流携带法测定FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3体系中Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压,并分析各因素如温度和渣成分等对Zn、Pb氯化物饱和蒸气压的影响。结果表明：在本实验测定温度下,Zn和Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压均随温度的升高而升高,且蒸气压值的对数与温度的倒数之间呈较好的线性关系;体系中渣成分如碱度和FeO含量均对Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压有很大影响;随着碱度降低、FeO含量升高,Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压呈增大趋势;但从本研究所获得数据来看,与Pb氯化物相比,温度和渣成分等对Zn氯化物饱和蒸气压的影响更为显著。本研究所获得数据对熔融处理过程中有效控制Zn、Pb等重金属的挥发行为提供了理论依据。

英文摘要：

In order to effectively control the vaporization behaviors of heavy metals,such as zinc and lead in smelting process,it is necessary to obtain the basic knowledge,such as the saturated vapor pressure and activities of heavy metals in complex system.The transpiration method was used to measure the saturated vapor pressures of zinc and lead chlorides in FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system and the effect of influencing factors,such as temperature,slag compositions and so on,was discussed.The results show that the saturated vapor pressures of zinc and lead chlorides increase with the increase of temperature,and the logarithmic value of pressure has a good linear relationship with the reciprocal of the temperature.Additionally,the slag compositions,such as basicity and FeO content,give great influence on the saturated vapor pressure.The low basicity and high FeO content tend to enhance the saturated vapor pressure of ZnCl2 and lead chlorides,while the vapor pressure of ZnCl2 shows a stronger function of temperature and slag composition compared with that of the lead chlorides.The data acquired in this study are able to supply important theoretical foundation for effectively controlling the vaporization of heavy metals in the melting process.