以无定河流域的数字高程模型为主要研究对象,利用地理信息系统软件进行空间分析,与陕西北部无定河流域龙山时期遗址的分布位置叠置和聚类分析,讨论聚落选址与地貌类型、距河流水平距离、河网等级等6个地形地貌因子之间的关系。结果发现,全新世中期无定河流域人类在聚落选址时,对水文条件、地貌和地面坡度条件有较强的倾向性,而对地面朝向无明显倾向性。选址时选择地形地貌影响因子的优先顺序为:地貌类型、遗址距河流距离、遗址处地面坡度、遗址处河流等级、遗址处地面朝向。
In this paper,we discuss the relationship between mankind settlement sites and 6 topography factors in Wuding River Basin of Shaanxi in China during the Longshan period.This study aims to eatablish the digital elevation model of Wuding River Basin by GIS software.The main method of this study is to overlay the distribution of 293 Longshan sites with spatial analysis results of the digital elevation model,and to execute cluster analysis by SPSS software.The result shows that settlement behavior has a strong relationship with the hydrological condition,landform and ground slope,but no obvious relationship with the slope direction.The priority order of topography factors which affected the mankind settlement is that landform types,the distance to the river,the ground slope,the river grade and the slope direction.