中文摘要：

微小RNA（MicroRNAs）是内源性小分子RNA,通过介导mRNA的降解或抑制其转录,在转录后水平调控基因表达。miR-132成熟序列长度为22 bp,由长度为66 bp的miR-132的前体序列剪切而来。miR-132具有进化保守性,在人、大鼠、小鼠、猿等物种中具有相同的序列与结构。miR-132具有组织特异性,在与神经相关的组织中高表达,参与轴突生长、突触的增殖分化、神经肿瘤的形成等过程。本文进一步明确了miR-132在癌症、神经退行性疾病、精神分裂症、免疫系统疾病等生命过程中所发挥的重要作用。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） is endogenous small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by mediating mRNA degradation or transcriptional inhibition. The length of mature miR-132 sequence is 22 bp, which comes from the 66 bp precursor of miR-132, miR-132 is conserved, which shares the same sequence and structure among human, rat, mouse, miR-132 had tissue specificity, which is highly expressed in nervous tissues, in- volved in axonal growth, proliferation and differentiation of synapses, neural tumor formation process. This review arm to further clarify that miR-132 plays an important role in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia, immune system diseases.