中文摘要：

在分析机车车辆通过曲线轨道时悬挂点相对位移的基础上，研究悬挂系统的承载特性和轮重的增减载性能。结果表明：机车车辆以欠超高状态进入缓和曲线时会造成前构架二系悬挂外侧垂向力增载，驶出缓和曲线时则会有一定程度的减载，而后构架二系悬挂垂向力的增减载特性与前构架相反；欠超高状态也会对一系悬挂产生影响，尤其对一、四位轮对处一系悬挂垂向力的影响显著；导致机车车辆进出缓和曲线时表现出不同承载特性的主要原因来自于车体质心和构架质心处的超高角之差；采取降低二系悬挂垂向刚度、减小车体和构架质心处的超高角差等措施，可以改善机车车辆通过缓和曲线时悬挂系统的动态承载特性。

英文摘要：

Based on the analysis of relative displacements at suspension points when rolling stock negotia- ted a curved track, the load bearing characteristics of suspension system as well as the increasing and re- ducing properties of wheel load were investigated. The results indicated that for rolling stock running with deficient superelevation, the outside vertical force of the secondary suspension in front bogie increased on the entering transition curve, but it reduced on the exit transition curve. Conversely, the vertical force performance of secondary suspension in back bogie had an inverse law compared with that of front bogie. The deficient superelevation also had a significant influence on the load bearing characteristics of primary suspension, especially for the vertical suspension forces of the first and fourth wheelsets. The main rea- sons which caused this phenomenon were the differences between the superelevation angles of carbody mass center and bogie frame mass centers. The dynamic load bearing characteristics of suspension system can be improved by taking some steps such as decreasing the vertical stiffness of secondary suspension and reducing the superelevation angle differences.