中文摘要：

近30年来,蛋白石结构光子晶体（简称蛋白石）和反蛋白石结构光子晶体（简称反蛋白石）成为光波导、光催化、化学及生物传感器、光伏电池等研究领域的热点.对蛋白石制备方法进行了归纳,从毛细管力、电磁场力及其他外加力的作用方面对自组装方法进行了分类和讨论;将反蛋白石制备方法归纳为三步法和两步法,详细地介绍、分析了三步法中反蛋白石前驱体充填方法,总结了两步法制备大面积、无缺陷反蛋白石研究进展,并进行了讨论;最后对蛋白石、反蛋白石制备进行了总结和展望.

英文摘要：

In the past thirty years,opal and inverse opal photonic crystals showed enormous promising application in optic waveguide,photocatalysis,sensor,photovoltaic cell,has attracted many scientist to study.Based on the research of predecessor and ourselves,the methods of preparing opal photonic crystals is summarized,and is divided into self-assembly method and template method.Self-assembly method induced by capillary force,electric magnatic field force,other applied force is described in detail.The methods of preparing inverse opal is divided into three-step approach and two-step approach.The methods of precursor filling in three-step approach is summarized and discussed.The methods of preparing large area and no defect inverse opal photonic crystal in two-step approach is comprehensively concluded and discussed.At last,the outlook of preparing opal and inverse opal photonic crystal is advised.