中文摘要：

目的探讨美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因依赖者在毒品相关线索条件下的主观渴求变化及大脑功能变化。方法14名接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因依赖者与15名人El学相匹配的健康被试者参加本研究。本研究采用事件相关的线索诱导反应范式，利用3．0T磁共振设备采集功能数据，并利用SPM8及SPSSl6．0软件进行大脑激活区差异分析及相关分析。结果美沙酮维持治疗的患者在毒品相关条件下主观渴求明显升高（t=5．51，P-0．03）。与健康组相比，美沙酮维持治疗组在毒品-中性线索条件下明显激活的脑区包括双侧前、中、后扣带回皮层、背外侧前额叶皮层、额内侧回皮层、楔前叶、丘脑以及右侧眶额回、海马和顶下小叶。同时，右侧眶额回的激活程度与接受美沙酮维持治疗的时间呈明显负相关（r=0．54，P-0．04）。结论尽管接受长期美沙酮维持治疗，海洛因依赖者吸食海洛因造成大脑神经系统的适应性改变可能会长期存在。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the changes of subjective craving and brain response to heroinrelated cues in former heroindependent patients with methadone maintenance treatment （MMT）. Methods Fourteen heroindependent patients and 15 demographicallymatched healthy controls participated in this study. An eventrelated cuereactivity paradigm was employed, while functional MRI data were acquired at 3.0T MRI scanner. The fMRI data were analyzed with SPM8 software and corresponding correla tion analyses were conducted with SPSS16.0. Results The subjective craving scores after the session were significantly greater than that before the session （t= 5.51, P=0.03）. Compared with health group, the MMT group demonstrated greater activation in response to heroin vs. neutral cues in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, middle cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial frontal gyrus, precuneus thalamus and right orbital frontal cortex, hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule. The activation of right orbital frontal cortex in response to heroin vs. neutral cues was negatively significantly associated with the duration of MMT（r= -0.54,P= 0.04 ）. Conclusion The results indicate that the adapted neural changes made by heroin abuse may persist despite longterm MMT.