中文摘要：

结构性在天然软土中普遍存在,不同地区、不同成相软土表现的结构特性并不相同。为了研究结构性如何影响软土的工程特性,以黄石、青岛、漳州地区软土为研究对象,在对比中国典型地区软土物理力学指标的基础上,从地质成因、颗粒级配、矿物成分及微观结构四个角度进行了解释说明。结果表明：相对于内陆地区软土,沿海地区软土具有高孔隙比、高粘粒含量、高压缩性、低强度等特性,工程特性较差。软土粘土矿物多以伊利石为主,伊蒙混层多在沿海地区软土中出现。软土的微观结构多为絮凝状、蜂窝状、骨架状结构为主,软土颗粒或聚粒以边—边、边—面方式相互联结,骨架间的孔隙体积大,这正是结构性软土具有特殊工程性质的根本原因。

英文摘要：

The structural characteristics exist in natural soft clay,which in the different areas and in different formation are not the same.In order to study the structural characteristics to affect the engineering characteristics of soft clay,taking the Huangshi soft clay,the Qingdao soft clay and the Zhangzhou soft clay as the studying objects and based on the contrasting physical and mechanical properties and indices of soft clay in typical areas of China,the structural characteristics are explained from the geologic genesis, mechanical composition,mineral composition and microstructure.The results show that： compared with the soft clay in inlands,the soft clay in coastal areas is of the bad engineering characteristics such as the high void ratio,high clay content,heavy compressibility and low strength.The clay mineral in the soft clay is illite primarily,and the illite and smectite mixed layer occurs in coastal soft clay.The microstructures of soft clay primarily are the flocculation structure,honeycomb structure and skeleton structure.The soil particles or aggregation particles are combined mutually with the edge to edge and the edge to face and the void spaces between skeletons are big,which are the key reasons that the structural soft clay is of the special engineering characteristics.