中文摘要：

针对危害性最大的覆盖型岩溶,建立考虑土盖层厚度和岩土体类型的典型岩溶地质结构模型,分析其在地下水位升降及地表水入渗情况下的塌陷机制。结合具体岩溶工程问题,提出＂物理探测-工程勘察-岩、土物理力学试验-数值模拟-监测评价＂的岩溶塌陷空间预测方法,并将该方法应用于湖北省黄石市一处典型覆盖型岩溶灾害区。在物理勘探、工程勘察和岩土物理力学试验的基础上进行的岩溶塌陷数值模拟表明,相对于地下水位快速升降,因地表水入渗导致黏土盖层软化引起的地面沉降更大。依据数值模拟结果,结合研究区地面及房屋裂缝的发展情况,划分出塌陷危险区的具体空间范围。实践证明,该岩溶塌陷空间预测方法具有较强的可操作性和较高的可靠性,可作为类似工程问题的研究方法予以推广。

英文摘要：

A typical geological model considering soil cover thickness,geological material types for the most harmful covered karst is established.The karst collapse mechanism is analyzed under groundwater fluctuating and rainfall infiltration based on this model.Furthermore,a comprehensive method for karst collapse spatial prediction that involves physical detection,engineering investigation,geological material physical mechanics experiment,numerical simulation and monitor evaluation is proposed and applied to evaluating a karst disaster area in Huangshi,Hubei province.The numerical simulation,which is based on physical detection,engineering investigation and laboratory test of rock and soil,shows that the ground settlement due to softened clay cover caused by rain permeation is larger than that induced by groundwater fluctuating.With reference to the developing tendency of building fissures and ground cracks,the spatial extent of the karst collapse area is distinguished.It is shown that this karst collapse spatial forecast method is feasible;and the prediction results are in good agreement with observations.Therefore,this method can be popularized as a general method for karst collapse prediction in similar engineering.