中文摘要：

金属半导体纳米粒子由于其独特的理化性质被广泛应用于工业生产和科学研究,而遗留在水环境中的金属半导体纳米粒子对植物的危害程度和累积水平还有待研究和完善.本文以水稻为实验对象,通过水培试验研究了氧化铜纳米粒子（CuONPs）、氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnONPs）和硫化锌纳米粒子（ZnSNPs）在不同浓度（10、50和100 mg·L-1）下的植物毒性及其在水稻体内的吸收转运行为.纳米粒子悬浮液的粒径分布和Zeta电位分析结果表明,CuONPs在水中的分散性和稳定性高于ZnONPs和ZnSNPs.ZnONPs悬浮液中溶解的金属离子量高于CuONPs和ZnSNPs悬浮液.毒性实验结果表明,较高浓度（50和100 mg·L-1）的ZnONPs和CuONPs不同程度地阻碍了水稻幼苗的生长,增加了根系中丙二醛（MDA）的含量,降低了根系活力和叶片中的叶绿素含量.50和100 mg·L-1的ZnONPs导致根系鲜重分别降低至对照组的47.3%和44.3%,100 mg·L-1ZnONPs和CuONPs使根系活力由对照组的710.4μg·g-1·h-1分别降低至150.0和481.9μg·g-1·h-1.ZnSNPs在实验设置浓度下体现了促进水稻生长的作用.10 mg·L-1的ZnSNPs使地上部分鲜重增加到对照组的109.8%,100 mg·L-1时使根系活力提高到了对照组的2倍.Zn的选择性吸收和生物转运系数均高于Cu,本研究结果证明了金属半导体纳米粒子的植物毒性和累积水平与纳米粒子在水中的理化性质及植物对不同毒物的反应程度有关.

英文摘要：

Metal semiconductor nanoparticles have been widely used in industry and scientific research for their unique physicochemical properties. The phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation on crops need to be investigated and evaluated. Thus,in this work,the phytotoxicity,accumulation and transport of metal semiconductor nanoparticles with different concentrations（ 10,50 and 100 mg·L-1） in rice seedlings were investigated through 15 days of hydroponic experiments. Three kinds of metal semiconductor nanoparticles were selected,including copper oxide nanoparticles（ CuONPs）,zinc oxide nanoparticles（ Zn ONPs） and zinc sulfide nanoparticles（ Zn SNPs）. The size distribution and zeta potential of the three nanoparticle suspensions were firstly measured. Results showed that the CuONPs suspensions possessed higher dispersibility and stability than Zn ONPs and Zn SNPs. However,Zn ONPs released much larger amount of metal ions when dispersed in culture solutions than CuONPs and Zn SNPs. The results of phytotoxicity experiments suggested that Zn ONPs and CuONPs at higher concentrations（ 50 and 100 mg·L-1） could inhibit the growth of rice seedlings,increase malondialdehyde（ MDA） content in root tissue,and reduce root activity and chlorophyll content in leaves to different levels. For example,50 and 100 mg·L-1of Zn ONPs decreased the fresh weight of roots to 47.3% and 44.3% of the control,respectively. 100 mg·L-1of Zn ONPs and CuONPs reduced the root vitality from710.4 μg·g-1·h-1to 150.0 and 481.9 μg·g-1·h-1,respectively. Zn SNPs was found to promote the growth and physiological function of rice seedlings at various concentrations. 10 mg·L-1of Zn SNPs increased the fresh weight of shoots to 109.8% of control and 100 mg·L-1Zn SNPs doubled the root vitality 2times of control. In the treatments with the same concentrations of Zn and Cusemiconductor nanoparticles,rice seedlings could absorb more Zn and transfer it to shoots more easily than Cu. This study demonstrated that the phytotoxicity and bioaccumulatio