中文摘要：

因为对高性能微芯片和系统设计的广泛影响,能量消耗问题受到计算机界越来越广泛的关注.多个层次的技术被用于改善系统的能量效率,并行处理是体系结构层提高能量效率的主要手段.并行处理使用性能适中的计算节点减少能量消耗,使用多个节点并行执行维持高吞吐量.文中分析了并行处理提高能量效率的基本原理,给出了并行处理的时间开销和能量开销模型.基于模型分析,对低电压并行系统、动态电压调节（Dynamic Voltage Scaling,DVS）的并行系统和多核微处理器3个并行处理方向进行了展望,给出了这些并行处理方向改善能量效率的空间.

英文摘要：

Energy consumption has been paid increasing attention to in the computer domain because of its deep influence on the design of high performance chips and systems. Many techniques are proposed to improve energy efficiency of computer systems, and in the paper the author focuses on parallel processing on architecture level. Parallel processing improves energy efficiency by using some computing nodes with moderate performance, which maintain high throughput by parallel execution. In this paper, the authors present the fundamental of parallel processing improving energy efficiency, and models the time and energy overhead involved in parallel execution. Based on the models, the author investigates low voltage parallel systems, parallel systems with dynamic voltage scaling, and multi-core microprocessors, and reveals their potential of improving energy efficiency.