中文摘要：

古人类食物结构演化的研究，是探索人类起源和进化的重要组成部分。骨化学分析是探索古人类食物结构的主要方法，也是最为有效的方法。在概述骨化学分析原理的基础上，详细介绍了如何运用该方法了解古人类（南方古猿、人属、尼安德特人、欧洲现代人）的食物结构，并通过与现代黑猩猩的食物结构比较，揭示了从猿至人食物结构的演化过程，探讨了古人类食物结构的演变对人类进化的深刻影响。此外，提出了目前研究中尚存的2个重要问题及已有的解决方法。之后，评述了我国古人类食物结构的研究现状，并展望了古人类食物结构研究的前景。

英文摘要：

The study of evolution of Hominin （ 〉 10,000 years ago） diets is one of important components to explore the origin and evolution of human beings. Bone chemistry analysis has been proved to be not only one of main methods but also one of the most effective methods to study Hominin diets. After brief introduction of principles of bone chemistry analysis, this paper presents how to apply it to reconstruct the diets of the Hominin （Australopithecines, Homo, Neanderthals, European anatomically modem human）, and reveals the dietary evolution from the Australopithecines to Homo on the basis of comparison with the chimpanzee diets as the proxy for the earliest human ancestor as well as how palaeodietary evolution has deep impact on human evolution. In addition, two important problems and the solutions to deal with them in the studies are also presented. At last, the reviews on Hominin diet studies in China and perspectives for further study in the future are discussed.