中文摘要：

根据实测的压力和镜质组反射率数据讨论了沉积盆地中镜质组反射率异常的物理化学环境。认为异常压力并不是导致镜质组反射率受到抑制的唯一原因；沉积盆地中有机质镜质组反射率异常的原因除与有机质本身的性质有关外，还与其所处的温度、压力等物理环境及其周围的流体性质、无机元素（矿物）的组成等化学因素密切相关。通过对钻井异常高压带和正常压力带剖面密集取样进行的微量元素与镜质组反射率分析表明．偏酸性、低盐度的流体介质有利于有机质镜质组反射率的增加；通过分析泥岩中的某些元素丰度与镜质组反射率的对应关系，初步确定钙、锰、锶、硼、钡、磷等元素对镜质组反射率的演化有抑制作用，而铁、钴、锌、镍、铷等元素对有机质的热演化具有催化作用。本研究对于有机质成熟校正、油气资源评价和利用成熟度古温标恢复盆地热历史都具有意义。

英文摘要：

Based on the tested data of pressure and vitrinite reflectance of some wells in sedimentary basin, the abnormal high pressure is not the only factor to retard the increase of vitrinite reflectance （Ro）. Besides the types of the organic matter, the physical environment （temperature and pressure） and chemical environment （fluid composition and inorganic elements） will result in the abnormal vitrinite reflectance values in the sedimentary basins. This paper tested trace elements and vitrinite reflectance data from the the abnormal high pressure and normal pressure strata profiles repectively, and the contents of some kinds of trace elements in the mudstone are related well with the vitrinite reflectance values. The acidic and lower salinity starta is favorable to the increase of Ro. The typical trace elements, which may suppress and/or catalyze the vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, are determined qualitatively in this research work. The elements of Ca, Mn, Sr, B, Ba and P may result in the retardation of Ro. However, elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Ni and Rb may catalyze the organic matter maturation. This study will benefit the organic maturation correction, oil and gas assessment and thermal history reconstruction by the paleothermometry.