中文摘要：

以二氢槲皮素的得率为指标,分别采用超声、微波和加热提取法（冷浸、温浸和回流等）从落叶松中提取二氢槲皮素。先后对提取溶剂的体积分数、料液比和提取次数等共性因素及提取时间和能量强度等核心因素进行考察,3类方法中微波提取得率最高,可达0.116%,回流提取的累积得率可达微波法的95.9%,而超声提取的累积得率仅能达到微波法累积得率的55.2%。规模化生产可采用体积分数60%乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比1∶12,微波700 W提取2次,每次10 min或80℃回流提取3次,每次240 min。扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明：尽管超声对植物细胞组织破壁或变形的机械效应较强,但二氢槲皮素的得率仍较微波和回流提取法低,二氢槲皮素的溶出主要是导致热效应的贡献。

英文摘要：

Taking the yield rate of dihydroquercetin as an index,ultrasonic extraction,microwave extraction and heated extraction（cold-maceration,warm-maceration and reflux extraction） were applied to extract dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelini wood.The common factors including concentration of ethanol,solid-liquid ratio and extracted times,and the core factors including extracted time and energy intensity were investigated respectively.The dihydroquercetin yield rate of microwave extraction was highest,which was 0.116%,and the yield rate of reflux extraction reached 95.9% as much as that of microwave extraction,whereas the yield rate of ultrasonic extraction was only 55.2% as much as that of microwave extraction.The extraction conditions of large-scale production were confirmed as follows：the solid-liquid ratio was 1：12 and the dihydroquercetin was extracted twice with microwave extract 700 W for 10 min each time,or it was extracted 3 times with reflux extract for 240 min each time at 80℃.The observation result with scanning electron microscopy（SEM） indicated that although ultrasonic extraction had strong mechanical effect on plant cell＇s breakage and deformation,its yield rate of dihydroquercetin was lower than that of microwave and heated extraction.The dissolution of dihydroquercetin was mainly due to the thermal effect that enhanced the solubility of dihydroquercetin.