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中文摘要：
分析溢油分散剂的作用机理和影响分散效率的主要因素,概述美国＂深水地平线＂溢油事故中水下使用分散剂的方式及效果.通过改进深海溢油输移扩散预测模型,研究深海中喷洒分散剂后溢油运动轨迹的数值预测方法.以深海溢油现场试验为例,初步预测在深海泄漏源处喷洒分散剂后的溢油运动轨迹.结果显示：经分散剂处理后粒径小于0.5mm的油滴在水下环境中输移扩散且缓慢上浮,其中粒径小于0.1mm的油滴容易在深海中形成悬浮油带.
英文摘要：
The paper analyzes the mechanism of the spilled oil being chemically dispersed and the main factors that determine the effectiveness of the dispersant, and introduces the method of spraying dispersant in deepwater environment used in the ＂Deep- water Horizon＂ oil spill accident. Numerical methods are devel- oped to track the oil spill trajectory after applying dispersants in deepwater by improving a three-dimensional deepwater oil spill model （DOSM）. The improved model is used to predict the oil spill trajectory with and without spraying dispersants to the spill source in deepwater environment. Simulation results show that the chemical dispersed oil droplets of diameter less than 0.5 mm be diffused in the underwater environment and move to the sea surface slowly, of which the oil droplets of diameter less thanO. 1 mm tend to form a suspended oil plume in deepwater.
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