中文摘要：

小型哺乳动物能够通过行为策略的进化适应周围的环境。其中,种内社会组织也可随环境参数的变化而变化。河南灵宝程村气候干燥、海拔高,而新郑则气候湿润、海拔低。来自河南灵宝程村的棕色田鼠种群和来自新郑的种群是否在社会行为、情绪、以及性二型上有所差别,目前还不清楚。本研究中,我们通过旷场实验和熟悉选择试验比较了两个种群的情绪、运动能力以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠的选择。统计结果表明,程村种群的雌性个体比雄性个体重,而新郑种群的雄性体重比程村种群的重。在旷场实验中,程村种群比新郑种群表现出较多的焦虑样行为。配偶选择实验中,新郑种群不论雌雄都表现出了对陌生异性的喜好。程村种群雄性则更愿意选择熟悉的个体。而且,程村的雌性待在陌生箱攻击陌生鼠的时间远大于熟悉鼠。以上结果表明,两个野生种群在体重、情绪以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠选择上都表现出了明显的种群间差异。

英文摘要：

Small mammals are likely to be able to accommodate to localized environmental shifts through the evolution of alternative behavioral strategies. Intraspecific social systems may vary considerably among populations of a species as a result of changing environmental conditions. This study examined whether behavioral traits of socially monogamous mandarin voles （ Microtus mandarinus） , differed between two populations （Chengcun and Xinzheng） characterized by different environmental features, namely altitude and amount of precipitation. Body mass, anxiety, locomotor activity, and partner preference of the two populations were compared. Females in the Chengcun population were much heavier compared with males. However, Xinzheng males were significantly heavier than Chengcun males. Voles in the Chengcun population spent a significantly longer period of time in the central area of an open field compared with animals in the Xinzheng population, thereby demonstrating less anxiety in the Chengcun population. Results of a partner preference test show that the Xinzheng population displayed a strong preference for unfamiliar conspecifics of the opposite sex, while Chengcun males showed a significant preference for a familiar partner. In addition, Chengcun females stayed in the compartment of an unfamiliar vole for a significantly longer period of time relative to the time they spent in the compartment of familiar vole. However, Chengcun females attacked unfamiliar conspecifics more frequently and for a significantly longer period of time they than did the familiar partner. These data suggest that the two populations show＇ significant differences in body weight, anxiety and partner preference due to geographical variation.