中文摘要：

随着农业生产的成本＂地板＂抬升,大宗农产品价格＂天花板＂受阻下降,效益和增收的空间受到挤压,有必要通过节本增效,降低生产成本,提高农业效益。本文对1990-2015年我国三大粮食作物种植总成本及结构变化特征进行分析,以探索这段时间我国粮食种植生产各项成本的变化规律及粮食生产模式的转变情况,分析三大粮食作物总成本及结构变化的原因,并在此基础上提出提高我国粮食生产综合效益和竞争力,保障农业生产的绿色生态可持续发展的政策建议。

英文摘要：

With the increase in the cost of agricultural production and the de- cline in the prices of bulk agricultural products, agricultural planting income re- ceived squeeze, it is necessary to reduce production costs to improve agricultural efficiency. This paper through calculating input cost of production, analyze time-sequence characteristics and structural feature of the input for three grain crops in China during the period 1990-2015, to explore the change of production cost and grain production mode in this period. Analyzes the reasons for the total cost and structure change of the three major food crops, and puts forward the coun- termeasures to improve the comprehensive benefit andcompetitiveness of grain pro- duction in China, to protect the agricultural production of green ecological sus- tainable development policy recommendations.