中文摘要：

体细胞胚发生是植物界的一个普遍现象，本文从组织细胞学、超微结构、电镜细胞化学、分子生物学等方面对体细胞胚发生发育过程中的形态建成和细胞结构，Ca^2＋和ATPase的动态变化，淀粉和蛋白质代谢，核糖体、线粒体等对极性变化的影响，畸形胚的发生和体胚同步化的诱导调控，基因调控等方面进行了综述，为进一步深入了解体细胞胚的发生发育规律及基因调控机制以及植物高效再生体系的建立提供参考。

英文摘要：

Somatic embryogenesis is an universal phenomenon in plant kingdom. This review give a summary of the research progress on the cytobiology of plant somatic embryogenesis,including morphogenesis and cytoarchitecture,Ca^2＋ and ATPase activity changes, starch and protein metabolism, the regulation of abnomal embryos and high synchronous frequency, the influence of ribosome and mitochondrion on the change of polarity and gene regulation from some aspects of histocytology, ultrastructure,electron microscopic cytochemistry and molecular biology. This can help to understand the growth and gene regulation mechanism of somatic embryogenesis better and give some suggestions to establish high frequency regeneration system of plant.