中文摘要：

描述了冲积河流河岸冲刷展宽的力学现象，分别针对非粘性土、粘性土及混合土二元结构3种不同类型的土质河岸，归纳分析了影响河岸冲刷展宽的3类主要因素的力学作用机理，即近岸水流冲刷力、河岸土体抗冲力以及河岸崩塌时的土体临界抗剪强度．另外，还简要分析了采用经验方法、极值假说方法模拟河岸冲刷时存在的诸多局限与不足，着重阐述了不同类型土质的河岸冲刷展宽的水动力学一土力学的模拟方法，并对该领域研究工作的方向及其应用作了进一步的展望．

英文摘要：

The phenomena of river bank scouring are described. Three main factors of river bank scouring are expounded including erosion capacity of flow, resistance of erosion, resistance of shearing aiming at three different kinds of riverbanks, including noncohesive riverbank, cohesive riverbank and admixture riverbank from mechanical perspective. The limitations of simulation method for erosion on river banks based on empirical formula and extremum assumption are analyzed. The hydrodynamic-soil-mechanic method for different soils is mainly expounded; and the research direction and application of this field are mentioned.