中文摘要：

在植物房间，有三个细胞器：存储基因信息的原子核，叶绿体，和线粒体。原子核拥有基因信息的多数并且控制细胞器基因表示，生长，和开发的大多数方面。在回来，细胞器也送信号回到调整核基因表示，是定义的一个过程后退规定。到原子核的细胞器的最好的研究后退规定在植物 chloroplast-to-nuclear 存在规定和酵母 mitochondria-to-nuclear 规定。在这评论，我们总结 mitochondrial 的最近的理解后退在高等植物的规定，它在与细胞质的男性绝育的、关於生命的应力的关系包含多重潜在的发信号小径，和不能生活的应力。关于 mitochondrial 后退涉及的规定信号小径细胞质男性绝育，我们认为原子 transcriptional 因素基因是线粒体调整决定表明小径的反常繁殖开发，和 MAPK 可以在 Brassica juncea 涉及这条规定的指向的基因。当植物承受关於生命、不能生活的应力时，植物房间将开始向从应力恢复指导的房间死亡或另外的事件。在这个过程期间，我们建议线粒体可以决定植物房间怎么对一个给定的压力作出回应通过后退规定。同时，几个变换器分子也这里被讨论了。特别地， Paepe 研究组报导叶 mitochondrial 调制了整个房间氧化还原作用动态平衡，设置了抗氧化剂能力，并且决定了通过发信号改变的压力抵抗并且日报规定，它比平常是有更多的活跃功能的植物线粒体的一个指示。

英文摘要：

In plant cells, there are three organelles： the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria that store genetic information. The nucleus possesses the majority of genetic information and controls most aspects of organelles gene expression, growth, and development. In return, organelles also send signals back to regulate nuclear gene expression, a process defmed as retrograde regulation. The best studies of organelles to nucleus retrograde regulation exist in plant chloroplast-to-nuclear regulation and yeast mitochondria-to-nuclear regulation. In this review, we summarize the recent understanding of mitochondrial retrograde regulation in higher plant, which involves multiple potential signaling pathway in relation to cytoplasmic male-sterility, biotic stress, and abiotic stress. With respect to mitochondrial retrograde regulation signal pathways involved in cytoplasmic male-sterility, we consider that nuclear transcriptional factor genes are the targeted genes regulated by mitochondria to determine the abnormal reproductive development, and the MAPK signaling pathway may be involved in this regulation in Brassica juncea. When plants suffer biotic and abiotic stress, plant ceils will initiate cell death or other events directed toward recovering from stress. During this process, we propose that mitochondria may determine how plant cell responds to a given stress through retrograde regulation. Meanwhile, several transducer molecules have also been discussed here. In particular, the Paepe research group reported that leaf mitochondrial modulated whole cell redox homeostasis, set antioxidant capacity, and determined stress resistance through altered signaling and diurnal regulation, which is an indication of plant mitochondria with more active function than ever.