中文摘要：

椎间盘退行性变是腰背部疼痛的重要诱因,但目前临床上缺乏持久、有效的治疗方法.以干细胞为核心的组织工程技术是目前椎间盘退行性变治疗的主要研究方向,其有效性及可行性已得到证实,但其瓶颈在于椎间盘内难以维持足够数量且活性良好的干细胞.研究显示椎间盘内天然存在着干细胞,生理状态下干细胞可从干细胞巢迁移至椎间盘内,补充不利微环境造成的干细胞质和量的下降,但是这些干细胞并未抑制椎间盘退行性变的发生.因此,研究椎间盘内源性修复失效机制,并探寻关键调控靶点,从而维持椎间盘内干细胞数量及质量,可为原位诱导髓核再生提供理论依据.文献报道椎间盘退行性变的关键诱因（过度压力和低氧）可通过自噬、凋亡、坏死性凋亡导致髓核细胞减少;趋化因子及其受体均参与间质干细胞的迁移等,以上研究结果可为椎间盘内源性修复失效机制的研究提供线索.就目前椎间盘内源性修复失效相关研究现状,从压力、低氧等微环境对干细胞向椎间盘内迁移、椎间盘内干细胞数目减少的机制（自噬、凋亡、坏死性凋亡等）,以及水凝胶材料原位诱导髓核再生等方面的进展进行综述,通过对这些文献的学习,有利于设计、完成后期研究,将为椎间盘内源性修复研究提供方向,为椎间盘退行性变早期治疗提供新的思路.

英文摘要：

Intervertebral disc （IVD） degeneration is considered to be the main cause of low back pain （LBP）,however,there are lack of long-lasting and effective methods of clinical treatment.Tissue engineering technique based on stem cells becomes an essential research direction on repair of IVD degeneration at present,and its effectiveness and feasibility have been confirmed,but it is difficult to maintain the sufficiency and vitality of stem cells in IVD.Previous studies showed that stem cells existed naturally in IVD,and stem cells from stem cell niche could migrate to IVD physiologically to maintain the IVD environment balance under the adverse microenvironment.Unfortunately,these behaviors cannot preclude IVD degeneration.Therefore,theoretical basis for the regeneration of nucleus pulposus （NP） in situ can be obtained from studying the mechanism that the endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration,the cell death and the migration of stem cells in IVD,and the key regulatory targets to sustain the quantity and quality of the stem cells.Although there have been few researches to study the mechanism of the cell death and the migration of stem cells in IVD so far,studies demonstrated that the major inducing factors of IVD degeneration （pressure and hypoxia） could decrease the number of NP cells by autophagy,apoptosis and necroptosis,and chemokines and their receptors played a critical role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells.These researches provide a clue for studying the mechanism of endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration.We reviewed the current research situation and progress of the mechanism that endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration in the following articles.First,we exhibited the potential of IVD stem cells in IVD degeneration repair.Second,the effect of the adverse microenvironment （pressure,hypoxia,etc） on the migration of IVD stem cells was discussed.Third,the mechanism of the stem cell death,autophagy,apoptosis and necroptosis under the adverse （pressure,hy