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污灌区镉污染菜地的植物阻隔和钝化修复研究

ISSN号：1672-2043
期刊名称：农业环境科学学报
时间：2014
页码：2111-2117
分类：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所污染防治研究室,天津300191, [2]农业部产地环境质量重点实验室,天津300191, [3]天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室,天津300191
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（40901154,21177068,21107056）; 农业科技成果转化资金项目（2012GB23260546）; 公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203045）; 天津市自然科学基金项目（14JCYBJC30300）
相关项目：土壤中新型除草剂硝磺草酮与重金属复合污染化学行为及其生态效应研究

关键词：植物阻隔修复, 钝化修复, 镉低积累品种, 油菜, 海泡石, 膨润土, 鸡粪, phytoexclusion, immobilization, low-cadmium-accumulating cultivar, Brassica chinensis, sepiolite, bentonite, chicken manure

中文摘要：

为了比较植物阻隔、化学钝化及其联合修复措施对污灌区镉污染菜地的修复效果,通过大田试验,研究施用黏土矿物海泡石、膨润土和鸡粪对普通油菜和镉低积累油菜生长和镉吸收的影响,并通过重金属形态分析探讨其作用机理。结果表明,施用鸡粪可显著提高普通油菜和镉低积累油菜的地上部生物量,最大增产率分别为42.8%和127.8%,而施用黏土矿物则没有显著的增产作用。黏土矿物和鸡粪配合施用显著降低普通油菜地上部镉含量,最大降幅为50.5%,使其低于食品安全标准（GB 2762—2012）规定的叶菜类镉含量限值0.2 mg·kg^-1;所有钝化处理均显著减少低积累品种地上部镉含量,使其符合食品安全标准要求。施用鸡粪显著降低土壤有效态镉含量,最大降幅为37.0%,而单独施用黏土矿物对土壤镉有效性没有显著影响;施用黏土矿物和鸡粪促进土壤镉由活性高的可交换态向活性低的残渣态或有机结合态转化,从而显著降低了镉的生物有效性。总之,种植镉低积累品种同时施用黏土矿物和鸡粪,即联合应用植物阻隔和钝化修复措施,可以更好地保障污灌区镉污染菜地的安全利用。

英文摘要：

Phytoexclusion and in-situ immobilization are two common techniques for remediation of soil heavy metals. In this study, a field experiment was carried out to compare remediation efficiency of these two techniques and their combination in cadmium（ Cd ） contaminated vegetable field in sewage irrigation region. The effects of sepiolite, bentonite and chicken manure on growth and Cd accumulation of a com- mon cuhivar（Hanlv） and a low-cadmium-accumulating cuhivar of Brassica chinensis （Chuantianhuizi） were examined and the mecha- nism of Cd immobilization was also explored by soil Cd fractionation. Applying chicken manure significantly increased shoot biomass of both cultivars, with maximal increases of 42.8% and 127.8% for Hanlv and Chuantianhuizi, respectively. Addition of clay minerals didn＇t signifi- cantly increase shoot biomass of two cultivars. Combined applications of clays and chicken manure significantly decreased shoot Cd concen- trations of the common cuhivar, with a maximal reduction of 50.5%, causing shoot Cd concentrations lower than the China Food Safety Stan- dard for Cd of 0.2 mg·kg^-1（ GB 2762--2012）. In all immobilization treatments, the shoot Cd concentration of low-cadmium-accumulating cultivar was significantly lower than the maximum level permitted by GB 2762--2012. Addition of chicken manure significantly decreased available Cd concentrations in soil, with a maximal reduction of 37.0%, but clay additions didn＇t decrease soil available Cd concentrations. Clays and chicken manure could promote transformation of exchangeable Cd into residual or organic bound fractions, resulting in significant reduction of Cd bioavailability. To sum up, planting low-cadmium-accumulating cuhivar in combination with applications of clay and chicken manure could produce safe vegetables in Cd contaminated fields of sewage irrigation region.

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