中文摘要：

放牧家畜的采食行为受不同调控途径调控。视觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉、学习途径促使家畜产生正向或负向的采食经验,家畜通过采食经验自发地对草地进行可持续利用与管理。采食经验的主要内容是家畜通过各个调控途径将草地牧草的物理指标与牧草的适口性建立联系。家畜可通过视觉将牧草的高度、密度、颜色等与牧草适口性建立联系;通过嗅觉、味觉将牧草的气味、味道与牧草适口性建立联系;通过触觉将牧草的物理性质与牧草适口性建立联系。合理的放牧管理制度和生境条件也可调控家畜的采食行为。

英文摘要：

Livestock＇s grazing behavior is regulated by different approaches. Senses of vision, smell, taste, touch, and ways of learning of livestockss produce positive or negative feed experience, through which livestock spontaneously utilize and manage the grassland sustainably. The main content of regula-tion experience is to establish relationship between physical index and forage palatability through the regu-lation pathway. The livestock will establish relationship between forage height, density, color and forage palatability by visual sense, and between forage odor, taste and forge palatability by senses of smell and taste, and between forage physical properties and forage palatability by sense of touch. Reasonable grazing management system and habitat conditions can also regulate the grazing behavior of livestock.