中文摘要：

国家自然科学基金重大研究计划“黑河流域生态-水文过程集成研究”（简称黑河计划）贯穿地球系统科学的思维，针对我国内陆河地区严峻的水-生态问题，探索流域尺度提高水效益的理论和方法。计划执行4年来，建立了遥感-监测-实验一体的流域生态水文观测系统及其相应的数据平台；初步揭示了流域冰川、森林、绿洲等重要生态水文过程耦合机理，认识了流域一级生态水文单元的水系统特征，奠定了流域水循环、水平衡的科学基础；计算了黑河下游生态需水量，为黑河流域水资源优化管理厘定了重要的约束条件。今后几年将在高精度气、水、生、经时空数据的支持下，耦合与集成流域综合模型，保证我国流域科学能在世界前沿占一席之地。

英文摘要：

The National Natural Science Foundation of China has launched a major research program entitled Integrated Study of Eco-hydrological Processes in the Heihe River launched a major research program entitled Basin （referred to as ＂Heihe River Pro- gram＂ ）. It is grounded on the principles of the earth system science, and intended to explore the theory and meth- ods of improving the water use efficiency in the inland river basins of China affected by severe water shortage and ecological deterioration problems. Since the implementation of the Heihe River Program for the past four years, we have established a basin-wide eco-hydrological observation system integrating remote sensing, monitoring and experimentation; developed a comprehensive database and information system; revealed the important coupling mecha- nism of eco-hydrological processes including glaciers, forests and oases; gained basic understanding of the system characteristics of eco-hydrological units which serve as the basis for computing the basin water cycle and water balance; and quantified the ecological water demand in the lower reaches of the Heihe River as the important con- straints for optimal water resources management in the Heihe River Basin. In the next few years, we will integrate comprehensive watershed models supported by high-resolution spatio-temporal data of air, water, biota and econom- ics towards the goal of playing a world-leading role in river science.