中文摘要：

2011年世界各地极端天气事件频发。1月,朝鲜半岛经历1945年来最长的寒潮天气;同期,强暴风雪袭击美国,1亿人受影响;4月8日,持续干旱大风导致德国北部小镇遭遇沙尘暴;7～10月的季风强降水致使泰国遭遇自1942年以来最严重的洪灾;高温少雨致使东非地区、南美洲地区的古巴经历严重干旱;9月北极海冰的体积达历史最小。5～9月,我国平均高温日数为1961年以来历史同期次多,多地刷新高温历史极值;2011年我国平均年降水量创60年来最低,多地遭遇严重干旱;而华西和黄淮经历异常严重秋汛。

英文摘要：

Extreme events of weather and climate happened frequently over the world in 2011. The longest cold snap since 1945 impacted the Korean peninsula in January. At the same time, the strong winter storm with snowy weather impacted 100 million people across the United States. Storms and heavy monsoonal rains from July to Octo- ber contributed to the worst flooding in Thailand since 1942. Crippling drought gripped East Africa and Cuba in South America. A freak sandstorm driven by extremely dry conditions and strong winds swept across the town of Rostock in the northern part of Germany on 8 April. Arctic sea-ice volume was estimated at a new lowest record in September. The number of high temperature days in China during the period of May to September in 2011 ranked the second since 1961 and the maximum temperature records were broken in many stations. The annual precipitation is the lowest in recent 60 years, which led to the extreme drought in many regions of China. Severe autumn flood happened in western China and Huanghe River- Huaihe River basins.