中文摘要：

石墨烯,即单层石墨,具有独特的二维结构和优异的机械、热学以及电学性质,自其被发现以来已引起了众多领域研究者的关注.本文介绍了石墨烯的制备及其功能化的方法,尤其对利用超临界流体辅助的液相剥离法制备石墨烯进行了详细阐述,突出介绍了芘基聚合物、芘基小分子衍生物在超临界二氧化碳辅助条件下剥离制备石墨烯及其功能化研究,并对所制备功能化石墨烯在聚合物基质增强和甲醇燃料电池中的应用研究进行了评述.

英文摘要：

Graphene, a monolayer of graphite, has attracted increasing attention since its discovery because of its unique two-dimensional （2D） structure, excellent mechanical, thermal and electronic properties. Currently, great effort has been carried out for the preparation and function of graphene, as well as its use in the energy conversion filed, such as fuel ceils. In this article, we review the recent achievements in the preparation and functionalization of graphene. The methods of the preparation and functionalization of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation with the assistance of supercritical fluids are stated in detail. In particular, we focus on the one-step fabrication and functionalization of graphene based on pyrene-polymers and small molecule derivatives of pyrene by liquid-phase exfoliation with the assistance of supercriticai carbon dioxide （scCO2）. Moreover, we introduce the study of the resulting graphene＇s application in the enhancement of polymer matrix and the direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs）.