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中国近海热带气旋强度突变的热力特征

期刊名称：气象学报，68（1），48-58, 2010 （核心期刊）
时间：0
分类：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
作者机构：[1]中国气象局培训中心,北京100081
相关基金：国家自然科学基金（40875030、40730948、40575018）; 中国气象局气候变化专项（CCSF2007-13）
相关项目：登陆台风强度变化机理研究

关键词：近海, 热带气旋, 强度突变, 热力特征, Coastal waters, Tropical cyclone, Rapid changes in TC intensity, Thermodynamic mechanism

中文摘要：

应用2000-2006年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过合成分析和对比分析,利用全型垂直涡度倾向方程,研究中国近海热带气旋强度突变的热力特征。结果表明：（1）突然增强热带气旋在其中心附近对流层高低层均存在视热源Q_1的极大值中心,低层Q_1在突然增强过程中越来越强;而突然减弱热带气旋在中心附近对流层中层存在Q_1的极大值中心,而且在突然减弱过程中Q_1越来越弱。视水汽汇Q_2的极值中心在热带气旋强度变化过程中位于对流层中层,在突然增强过程中有所增大,而在突然减弱过程中有所减小。（2）Q_1的峰值高度在热带气旋突然增强和突然减弱过程中分别位于对流层高层和中层。Q_2的峰值高度在热带气旋突然增强过程中不断抬升,而在突然减弱过程中不断降低,这说明积云对流的垂直输送在热带气旋突然增强过程中起到一定作用。（3）热带气旋中心附近对流层中上层非绝热加热随着高度增加、对流层低层垂直非均匀加热的增大有利于热带气旋的突然增强,反之导致热带气旋突然减弱。

英文摘要：

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in 2000-2006,the complete form vertical vorticity tendency equation is used to diagnose the thermodynamic structures of two sets of composite tropical cyclones（TCs）,each composed of 5 tropical cyclones,whose intensity changed rapidly over the coastal waters of China.The study shows that maximum centers of apparent heat source Q_1 appeared in both the upper and lower troposphere near the center of rapidly strengthening TCs.The Q_1 maximum center in the lower troposphere became stronger during the rapid development of the TCs.But for rapidly decaying TCs, the maximum Q_1 center formed in the middle troposphere near the center of the TCs,and it became increasingly weaker during the decaying process of the TCs.The peak heights of Q_1 of rapidly strengthening/decaying TCs were located in the upper/midtroposphere respectively.A maximum apparent moisture sink Q_2 was found in the middle troposphere during the intensity changes of TCs.It became stronger and its peak height rose when the TCs rapidly intensified;whereas it became weaker and its peak height dropped when the TCs rapidly attenuated.This suggests that the vertical transfer of cumulus convection played an important role in the rapid intensification of TCs.The increase of the diabatic heating near the TC center with height in the mid-upper troposphere and the increase of the vertical inhomogeneous heating near the TC center in the lower troposphere were both favorable to the TC sudden intensification.The reverse was true for the TC abrupt weakening.

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