中文摘要：

多金属结核／结壳是海洋中最重要的固体沉积矿产之一，蕴藏丰富的铁、锰、铜、钴、镍等金属元素，也是稀土元素的富集体。利用等离子质谱仪／光谱仪对太平洋、大西洋、印度洋及南海北部海多金属结核／结壳11个样品25份试样的稀土含盛进行了分析，多金属结核／结壳中稀土平均含量为1265．57×10^-6，其中结核平均含量为1096．96×10^-6，结壳平均含量1623．88×10^-6，大大超过地壳和移‘积岩的平均含量。稀土元素的富集主要受控于结核／结壳中铁、锰氧化物及粘土矿物对海水和沉积物中稀土元素的吸附作用，Ce元素高度富集，使其成为多金属结核／结壳矿产开发中可能最先利用的稀土元素之一。

英文摘要：

The polymetallic nodules/crusts are same of the most important mineral deposits in the ocean, in which iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel and other metals are rich, and the rare earth elements are rich, too. In this study, the contents of 11 rare earth samples in polymetallie nodules/crusts from the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean and north of the South China Sea were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer （ICPMS） and an atomic emission spectrometer （AES）. The average content of Rare Earth Elements （REEs） in polymetallic nodules/crusts was 1265.57×10^-6, the average content of nodules was 1096.96 ×10^-6, and the average content of crust was 1623.88 ×10^-6. The enrichment of rare earth elements was controlled by iron and manganese oxides and clay minerals in nodules/crusts, which could absorb rare earth elements from seawater and sediment. The elements Ce was highly enriched, making polymetallic nodules/crusts become the first used rare earth elements in mineral development.