中文摘要：

“意念”属于“心之发动”范畴,是经验性的、善恶混杂的心理状态。作为此“意念”之“一念”萌动之际,其善恶吾心之良知无有不自知者,此是“独知”,是成圣之根据;“戒惧之念”则是让良知对“意念”之善恶当下即时明察不致遮蔽、滑落,而转化为善则善之、恶则恶之的意志力、行动力,此是“一念好恶”之“一念”,是成圣之工夫。从“发处”“发时”用诚意、致良知工夫,即是在作为意念的“一念”萌动之际倾心注目,“知”其善恶并“好善恶恶”这一“一念好恶”之工夫,从此入手而体认吾心活泼不息的戒慎恐惧之念而“真见得良知本体”,此种“因用以求其体”之工夫亦被称为“一念入微”的工夫。

英文摘要：

As the category ＂the operation of mind＂, the term of ＂thoughts and ideas＂ （ ＂yi nian＂ ） points to an empiri- cal and psychological state of mixture of good and evil. As soon as such a thought begins to arise, one clearly knows and judges it with his or her innate knowledge （ liang zhi） which provides an ultimate basis for one＇ s becoming a sage. ＂The thoughts of caution and apprehension＂ （jie ju zhi nian） are efforts to keep one＇ s innate knowledge concentrating on the emerging of any thought. When a thought to love the good arises, it makes an earnest and concrete effort to love the good ; when a thought to hate evil arises, it makes an effort and concrete effort to hate evil. Being totally different from a thought of good or evil, ＂A thought to love the good or hate the evil＂ provides the guaranty for one＇ s becoming a sage.