中文摘要：

角膜移植是目前组织器官移植手术中成功率最高的手术。近20年来，我国角膜移植的手术量增多，技术水平也明显提高，但存在的问题也很突出，如供体来源不足，成分角膜移植导致的新问题，对角膜移植后排斥反应了解很少等，这些问题对我国角膜移植基础研究和临床工作提出了挑战。

英文摘要：

Among all tissue and organ transplants, the most successful one is a corneal transplant. Over the past 20 years, the number of corneal transplantations have greatly increased and the technical skills have dramatically improved. However, there are still some difficulties and problems unsolved in corneal transplantation, such as marked shortage of good- quality corneal tissue. Seeking more donations, the optimal use of available donor tissues, new corneal substitutes and prevention of post-operative com- plications will reduce the backlog of patients with corneal blindness in our country.