中文摘要：

随机的模型在参数评价起一个重要作用。在最小平方的意义的最佳的评估者能被使用正确随机的模型仅仅获得并且因而保证在 GPS 应用的精确的放。在这贡献， GPS 大小，由有 1 s 的采样间隔的超短波的基线上的测地学的双频率的接收装置对的不同类型镇定，被用来跟他们的随机的模特儿讲话，它包括所有观察类型，在观察精确性之间的关系和它的举起角度的变化，在观察类型之间的时间关联，以及关联。结果证明有所有未加工的 GPS 大小与一样的变化是独立的假设的通常使用的随机的模型不为精确的放满足需要，举起依赖者重量模型不能为不同接收装置和观察类型工作很好。时间关联和生气关联也是重要的。随机的模型很与接收装置和观察类型被联系并且应该为接收装置和观察类型被指定，这因此被结束。

英文摘要：

The stochastic model plays an important role in parameter estimation. The optimal estimator in the sense of least squares can only be obtained by using the correct stochastic model and consequently guarantees the precise positioning in GPS applications. In this contribution, the GPS measurements, collected by different types of geodetic dual-frequency receiver pairs on ultra-short baselines with a sampling interval of 1 s, are used to address their stochastic models, which include the variances of all observation types, the relationship between the observation accuracy and its elevation angle, the time correlation, as well as the correlation between observation types. The results show that the commonly used stochastic model with the assumption that all the raw GPS measurements are independent with the same variance does not meet the need for precise positioning and the elevation-dependent weight model cannot work well for different receiver and observation types. The time correlation and cross correlation are significant as well. It is therefore concluded that the stochastic model is much associated with the receiver and observation types and should be specified for the receiver and observation types.