中文摘要：

聚酰亚胺是分子主链结构中含有酰亚胺环的一类高分子材料，主链结构的高度共轭与芳香性，赋予该纤维高强、高模、耐高温等优良性能，可广泛应用于航空航天、绝缘阻隔、环境保护等领域，且以综合的优良性能而拥有巨大的潜在市场需求。由于所需单体的结构特殊性与种类局限性，加之纤维加工过程中的基础问题尚未完全攻克，致使聚酰亚胺纤维未能得到充分发展和应用。近年，随着高性能纤维发展的需求，聚酰亚胺品种不断开发和纺丝技术的进步，共同促进了聚酰亚胺纤维的发展。本文综述了聚酰亚胺纤维的性能、制备工艺、应用领域、国内外研究进展与工业化情况。

英文摘要：

Polyimides are a kind of polymers containing imide ring in the backbone, and the high conjugation and aromaticity endow the fiber with high tensile strength and modulus, excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and other outstanding performances. Polyimide fiber with the excellent properties will be extensively used in many fields, such as aeronautics and astronautics, military and civilian, insulation, separation and environmental protection, and other potential demands. However, due to the monomer structural limitation and some unsolved spinning techniques, the development and application of polyimide fiber are restricted. In recent years, polyimide fiber has been developed prosperously along with the synthesis of various structural polyimides and the improvement in spinning technique. In this review, we give an overview of the excellent properties, preparation and application fields of polyimide fiber. In addition, the domestic and foreign achievements and industrialization progress are introduced briefly.