中文摘要：

miRNA广泛表达于神经系统，与疼痛的发生、发展密切相关。近年来研究表明，抑制miRNA的合成调制伤害性神经元对炎症刺激的反应。疼痛时，背根神经节（DRG）上miRNA明显下调，该变化参与炎性疼痛和神经性疼痛的产生和维持。同时，miRNA也可以下调Navα亚基、ASIC3、TRPV1和P2X7 mRNA的表达水平，还可以降低K电流。因此，miRNA可能成为疼痛治疗的新靶点。综述了miRNA的生物起源、分布，及其对痛觉相关离子通道Nav、Kv、ASICs、TRPV1以及嘌呤受体的调节作用。

英文摘要：

miRNA is widely expressed in the nervous system and is closely related to the genesis and development of pain. Recently, studies have demonstrated that inhibition of miRNA synthesis can mediate the response of nocieptive nerve to inflammatory stimulation. In the dorsal root ganglion （DRG）, rniRNA is greatly down-regulated following pain, which is involved in the induction and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Meanwhile, miRNA can decrease the mRNA expression levels of the Navct subunits, A SIC3, TRPV1 and P2X7, and down-regulate the current of KV. So miRNA may provide a novel target for the treatment of pain. This article highlights the miRNA biogenesis, distribution, and its significant role in pain-related ion channels （Nav, Kv, ASICs, TRPV1 and purinergic receptor）.