时间延迟误差是液晶自适应光学系统的一个最主要的误差源.本文提出了一种利用智能模式预测一迭代最小二乘(RLS)模式预测算法来克服其对成像分辨率的影响.首先,介绍了具有RLS模式预测能力的开环液晶自适应光学系统的结构和工作原理.其次,详细讨论了RLS模式预测算法的实现过程.再次,设计和搭建了一套带有液晶湍流模拟器的开环液晶自适应光学系统,对RLS模式预测算法的预测效果进行了分析,并和直接开环校正做了比较.分析结果表明:当系统处于中等强度湍流条件(大气相干长度r0=6cm,Greenwood频率fG=35Hz)和只有时间延迟误差情况下,经过RLS预测后,残差波面的RMS值由直接校正的0.26波长(1波长=785nm)降低到了0.15波长,校正效果提高了42%.最后,对预测前后自适应光学系统的成像效果进行了对比试验.实验结果显示,经过预测以后,系统的成像分辨率由直接开环校正的25.4cycles/mm提高到了32.0cycles/mm,成像分辨率提高了26%,达到了0.9倍的衍射极限分辨率.因此,RLS模式预测技术可以有效的提高开环液晶自适应系统的成像分辨率.
In order to reduce the time delay of the liquid-crystal (LC) adaptive optics system (AOS) which reduces the image resolution of the observed objects, we present a new technique for the first time which is called recursive least square (RLS) modal prediction of turbulent wavefront. First, we introduce the structure of the open-loop LC AOS with RLS predictor. Second, we present the RLS modal prediction algorithm in detail. Third, an actual open-loop LC AOS is designed and built, and the RLS prediction is carried out on it. It is shown that under a pure time delay system and the turbulent condition with Greenwood frequency of 35 Hz and Fried parameter of 6 cm, after prediction the residual wavefront error reducs to 0.15 wave (wave -- 785 nm) from 0.26 wave that is obtained through the direct open loop correction. The prediction gain reaches 42%. Finally, the images obtained by the open-loop AOS with and without prediction are demonstrated. With direct correction without prediction, the image resolution reache 25.4 cycles/ram. After the correction with RLS prediction, the image resolution reaches 32.0 cycles/mm which is equal to 0.9 of the diffraction limit resolution of the system. Therefore, with respect to correction without prediction, a relative gain of 26% in image resolution is achieved with RLS prediction. In conclusion, the RLS modal prediction can improve the image resolution of the open-loop LC AOS effectively.