中文摘要：

造山带大规模花岗质岩浆活动之后往往有一期区域性脉岩产出，被称为岩基后岩墙群。这类脉岩具有近同时形成、宽成分谱系和小体积的特点。根据太行山、燕山、东昆仑山、天山等造山带的观察，这类脉岩可以划分成煌斑岩质、玄武质、闪长质（安山质）、花岗闪长质（英安质）和花岗质（流纹质）等5组。前人大多偏重于研究其中基性部分，因而常常将其与大陆裂解相关基性岩墙群混为一谈。岩石地球化学分析表明，虽然同组脉岩不同样品之间可能存在演化关系，不同脉岩组之间很难相互演化。结合近年来有关岩浆过程速率的研究成果，推测这些脉岩是原生或近原生岩浆固结的产物。这意味着区域地温曲线在不同深度同时穿过所有相应原岩的固相线。基于岩浆起源热体制和区域岩石圈岩石学结构分析，笔者曾经指出，这样的岩浆产生条件要求造山带岩石圈拆沉作用。因此，这类岩墙群的形成是区域构造应力场由挤压向伸展转换阶段的产物，可以用来标定造山过程的结束，因而称其为造山后脉岩组合。进一步对比分析表明，这类脉岩组合分布非常普遍，是地球上业已发现的三类区域性岩墙群之一。尽管如此，基于热传递速率的分析，造山后脉岩组合的形成还应当伴随大规模流体活动。由于深部流体中成矿元素的浓度强烈依赖于压力，新的岩石成因模型意味着造山后脉岩组合与成矿作用相伴生。野外检验表明，可以基于露头观察识别成矿流体的通道和成矿元素大规模堆积的场所。因此，造山后脉岩组合不仅可以用来标定区域造山过程结束的时间，也是区域找矿预测的有效标志。

英文摘要：

Abstract.- Large scale granitic magmatism is commonly followed by emplacement of post-orogenic dike swarms. These dikes swarms are characterized by a wide compositional spectrum and are volumetrically minor with re- spect to the associated granitic intrusions. Observations in the Taihangshan, Yanshan, Eastern Kunlun and Tianshan orogenic belts, show that dikes can be divided into five groups., lamprophyric, basaltic, dioritic （andesitic）, granodioritic （dacitic） and granitic （rhyolitic）. Most researchers have paid attention only on the basaltic or lamprophyric dikes and often confused them with the dike swarms related to the continental break- up. Combined with recent works on studies of magmatic processes, it can be inferred that thesedikes are the products of primary or near-primary magmas. Based on the analysis of thermal regimes and regional lithospher- ic petrological structures, the authors suggest that conditions for the production of these magmas require litho- spheric delamination of an orogen with a thickened mafic lower crust. Therefore, the dikes should be formed at the stage of transition of the regional structural stress field from compressional to extensional and can be used to mark the ending of an orogenic cycle. In this case, the dike swarm can be considered as a post-orogenic dike complexes. Furthermore, we suggest that such dike complexes are widespread worldwide. Thus, there are three types of dike swarms： 1） dikes related to continental break up, 2） dikes related to batholiths and 3） dikes associated with large igneous provinces. The emplacement of a post-orogenic dike complex should be also accompanied by the large scale hydrothermal activity, when the rate of the heat transfer is considered. As the concentration of the ore~forming elements in the deep fluids depends on pressure, a new petrogenetic model im- plies that metallogenesis accompanies the post-orogenic dike swarm. Field examinations suggest that the obser- vations of outcrops can be used to recognize the paths